Why can drinking raw milk be dangerous? Foodborne illnesses, bacterial infections, and who faces greater risk

Raw milk is often promoted as a natural, nutrient-rich alternative to pasteurised milk, believed to offer more enzymes, probiotics, and vitamins. This has made it popular among health-conscious individuals. However, the reality is that drinking raw, unpasteurised milk carries significant health risks. It can contain harmful bacteria such as E. coli, Listeria, and Salmonella, which cause severe foodborne illnesses and, in some cases, life-threatening complications. Vulnerable groups, including children, pregnant women, and those with weakened immunity, face an even greater risk. In the UK, strict regulations on raw milk sales exist for a reason, it’s a serious public health concern.A comprehensive review published in Johns Hopkins University researchers concluded that consuming raw cow’s milk increases the risk of foodborne illness over 100 times compared to pasteurised milk. Despite raw milk accounting for only ~3.5% of milk consumption, it contributed to more than half of all milk-related foodborne illnesses. Researchers strongly advise against raw milk consumption, especially for children, pregnant women, and the elderly.Here are the primary health risks associated with raw milk:1. Bacterial infections from raw milkRaw milk is a breeding ground for harmful bacteria because it hasn’t been heat-treated to kill pathogens. Some of the most dangerous bacteria found in raw milk include:Even if the animal appears healthy and the farm follows strict hygiene standards, bacteria can still contaminate milk during milking or storage. These pathogens multiply quickly if the milk is not properly refrigerated.2. Foodborne illness (Milk-borne diseases)Raw milk is one of the leading sources of milk-borne diseases worldwide. Drinking contaminated milk can introduce dangerous bacteria into your system, resulting in:Foodborne illnesses caused by raw milk can last for several days and sometimes require hospitalisation for intravenous fluids and antibiotics. Dehydration is a major concern, especially for children and the elderly.3. Higher risk for vulnerable groupsWhile anyone can become sick from raw milk, some people face much higher risks:For these groups, even a small amount of contaminated raw milk can be dangerous.4. Potential for serious complicationsRaw milk infections can lead to more than just short-term stomach issues. In severe cases, complications include:These risks are why health authorities strongly recommend avoiding raw milk.Advocates of raw milk claim it contains more enzymes, probiotics, and vitamins. However, scientific evidence does not support these claims. Pasteurised milk still provides essential nutrients like calcium, protein, and vitamin B12, without the bacterial risk. The slight loss of enzymes during pasteurisation does not affect overall health benefits.The safest way to consume milk is to choose pasteurised milk, which undergoes heat treatment to kill harmful pathogens. If you still choose raw milk:Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any changes to your health routine or treatment.Also read | Are boiled eggs good for weight loss? Know the benefits, risks, and diet tips