How different sugars impact type 2 diabetes risk: Study reveals

For years, sugar has been blamed as a leading cause of type 2 diabetes (T2D) worldwide. However, recent research reveals that not all sugars impact diabetes risk equally. Studies now show that the type and source of sugar, whether from sugary drinks, fruit juices, or whole foods, significantly influence the development of T2D. Sugary beverages pose a higher risk, while sugars from whole fruits and dairy may be protective or neutral. This evolving understanding challenges previous assumptions and highlights the importance of focusing on sugar sources and dietary quality to better manage and prevent type 2 diabetes.A comprehensive study conducted by researchers from Brigham Young University (BYU), in collaboration with institutions in Germany, was published in the journal Advances in Nutrition. The study analysed data from over half a million individuals across the globe and revealed surprising insights into the role of sugar in the development of type 2 diabetes. Crucially, the research highlights that not all sugars affect diabetes risk in the same way; rather, the source of the sugar plays a significant role in determining its impact on metabolic health.The research highlights three key findings: Risks and benefits: This evidence suggests that the form in which sugar is consumed, liquid versus whole food, can dramatically influence its metabolic effects.The reason sugar’s impact varies lies in how the body processes different foods:Sugary drinks and fruit juices lack fibre, fat, and protein, which are essential components found in whole foods. Without these, sugars are absorbed rapidly into the bloodstream, causing sharp spikes in blood glucose and insulin levels. This rapid absorption can overwhelm the liver and promote insulin resistance, a key factor in the development of diabetes.In contrast, whole fruits and dairy products deliver sugars alongside fibre and other nutrients that slow digestion and promote a steady, gradual release of glucose. This helps to maintain stable blood sugar levels and reduces stress on the body’s insulin-producing systems.While artificial sweeteners are often marketed as healthier alternatives to sugar, growing evidence suggests they may not be without risks. Some studies have linked high consumption of diet beverages and sugar substitutes with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, as well as weight gain and larger waist circumference.Health experts now caution against relying on artificial sweeteners for weight management or diabetes prevention, advocating instead for diets rich in whole, unprocessed foods and natural beverages like water and unsweetened teas.It is essential to remember that sugar consumption is just one piece of the puzzle. The development of type 2 diabetes is influenced by multiple factors, including:Addressing these factors through regular exercise, weight management, and balanced nutrition remains vital for diabetes prevention.Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any changes to your health routine or treatment.Also read | Does eating ‘roti and sabzi’ increase blood sugar? What diabetic patients must know