Cervical Cancer: 5 Subtle Symptoms Women Often Overlook

Cervical cancer, a malignancy originating in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus connecting to the vagina, is primarily triggered by persistent HPV (human papillomavirus) infections, a common sexually transmitted infection. While most HPV infections resolve naturally, high-risk strains can lead to cervical cancer. Early detection is crucial for successful treatment. Because the cancer's progression is gradual, some initial signs can be easily overlooked. Here are five subtle symptoms of cervical cancer to watch out for:

1. Unusual Vaginal Bleeding

Abnormal vaginal bleeding is often the earliest indicator of cervical cancer. This can manifest as:

• Bleeding between menstrual periods
• Bleeding after sexual intercourse
• Bleeding after menopause
• Heavier or longer menstrual periods than usual

Many women experience irregular bleeding due to hormonal shifts or infections, leading them to dismiss this symptom. However, any deviation from your normal bleeding pattern warrants a medical evaluation, even if cancer is not suspected.

2. Changes in Vaginal Discharge

While a small amount of vaginal discharge is normal, particularly around ovulation, changes can signal a problem. Cervical cancer can cause discharge that is:

• Thick or watery
• Has a strong or unpleasant odor
• Contains blood or appears blood-tinged

This discharge may occur between periods or after menopause. Don't dismiss it as a simple infection or irritation; consult a doctor.

3. Painful Sexual Intercourse

Pain or discomfort during sex can stem from various issues like infections or hormonal fluctuations. However, it can also be an early symptom of cervical cancer. The pain might feel like:

• Sharp or stabbing pain during penetration
• A deep ache or pressure in the pelvic area during or after sex

Due to the sensitive nature of this symptom, many women avoid discussing it. However, persistent pain during intercourse is never normal and requires evaluation by a healthcare professional to rule out serious causes, including cervical cancer.

4. Lower Back or Pelvic Pain

Mild lower back or pelvic pain can arise from muscle strain or menstrual cramps. However, persistent or unexplained pain in these areas, especially when coupled with abnormal bleeding or discharge, could indicate cervical cancer.

The pain is often described as a dull ache or pressure between the hip bones or in the lower abdomen. Because it is a common symptom, it is often overlooked. If you experience persistent pelvic or lower back pain unresponsive to home remedies, seek medical attention.

5. Frequent or Painful Urination

Early cervical cancer can impact nearby tissues, including the bladder and urinary tract, leading to symptoms like:

• A frequent urge to urinate
• Pain or burning sensation during urination
• Difficulty fully emptying the bladder

These symptoms are often mistaken for urinary tract infections (UTIs). However, if urinary symptoms persist despite UTI treatment, further evaluation is necessary to rule out cervical cancer.

Prevention is Key

Awareness and regular health checkups are crucial for early detection. The HPV vaccine offers protection against HPV types that cause cervical, vaginal, vulvar, penile, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers, as well as genital warts. Women can receive the vaccine as early as 11 or 12 years old and up to age 45 (consult your doctor).

References: Moffitt Cancer Center, National Cancer Institute, Karkinos Healthcare, American Cancer Society, NHS.uk

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not substitute medical advice. Always consult a healthcare professional if you experience any of these symptoms.